Articles in economics Economics is a social science that teaches human behaviour and welfare as a relationship between ends socially required and scarce means which have alternative uses . (This is not the only definition of economics, although it is the dominant one.) Interchangeably, Economics is the study of the utilization and distribution of scarce resources among journals are usually classified according to the JEL classification codes, a system originated by the Journal of Economic Literature The Journal of Economic Literature is a leading economic journal published by the American Economic Association. It was first issued in 1969. As a review journal, the JEL mainly features essays and reviews of economic theories (as opposed to the newest research). Its current editor is Roger H. Gordon (JEL). The JEL is published quarterly by the American Economic Association The American Economic Association, or AEA, is a learned society in the field of economics. It publishes one of the most prestigious academic journals in economics: the American Economic Review. The AEA was established in 1885 by younger economists trained in the German historical school; since 1900 it has been under the control of academics (AEA) and contains survey articles and information on recently published books and dissertations. The AEA maintains EconLit, a searchable data base of article and book citations classified by JEL subject codes for the years from 1969. Many articles in economics journals also list relevant JEL codes (for example JEL: B12), facilitating their use across search engines A web search engine is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web. The search results are generally presented in a list of results and are often called hits. The information may consist of web pages, images, information and other types of files. Some search engines also mine data available in databases or open directories. Unlike Web. A print series is also available from the AEA in its Index of Economic Articles. It currently covers the publication years 1886-1995 in 38 volumes and is indexed by author and subject.[1]
There are 19 main categories, each with numerous subcategories.[2] Wikipedia categories used for articles in economics mostly follow the JEL classification codes.
The primary codes are:
- JEL: A - General Economics Economics is the social science that is concerned with the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. The term economics comes from the Ancient Greek οἰκονομία from οἶκος (oikos, "house") + νόμος (nomos, "custom" or "law"), hence "rules of the house(hold)". Current and Teaching
- JEL: B - History of Economic Thought The history of economic thought deals with different thinkers and theories in the subject that became political economy and economics from the ancient world to the present day. It encompasses many disparate schools of economic thought. Greek writers such as the philosopher Aristotle examined ideas about the "art" of wealth acquisition, Methodology Economic methodology is the study of methods, usually scientific method, in relation to economics, including principles underlying economic reasoning. The term 'methodology' is also commonly, though incorrectly, used as an impressive synonym for method. Rather, methodology is the study of method(s), and Heterodox Approaches Heterodox economics refers to the approaches, or schools of economic thought, that are considered outside of mainstream, that is, orthodox economics. Heterodox economics is an umbrella term used to cover various separate unorthodox approaches, schools, or traditions. These include institutional, post-Keynesian, socialist, Marxian, feminist,
- JEL: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods Mathematical economics refers to the application of mathematical methods to represent economic theories and analyze problems posed in economics. It allows formulation and derivation of key relationships in a theory with clarity, generality, rigor, and simplicity. Mathematics allows economists to form meaningful, testable propositions about many
- JEL: D - Microeconomics Microeconomics is a branch of economics that studies how the individual parts of the economy, the household and the firms, make decisions to allocate limited resources, typically in markets where goods or services are being bought and sold. Microeconomics examines how these decisions and behaviours affect the supply and demand for goods and
- JEL: E - Macroeconomics Macroeconomics (from Greek prefix "macr-" meaning "large" + "economics") is a branch of economics that deals with the performance, structure, behavior and decision-making of the entire economy, be that a national, regional, or the global economy. Along with microeconomics, macroeconomics is one of the two most general and Monetary Economics Monetary economics is a branch of economics that historically prefigured and remains integrally linked to macroeconomics. It provides a framework for analyzing money in its functions as a medium of exchange, store of value, and unit of account. It considers how money, for example fiat currency, can gain acceptance purely because of its convenience
- JEL: F Categories: International relations | Economics | World economy - International Economics International economics is concerned with the effects upon economic activity of international differences in productive resources and consumer preferences and the institutions that affect them. It seeks to explain the patterns and consequences of transactions and interactions between the inhabitants of different countries, including trade,
- JEL: G - Financial Economics Financial economics is the branch of economics concerned with "the allocation and deployment of economic resources, both spatially and across time, in an uncertain environment". It is additionally characterised by its "concentration on monetary activities", in which "money of one type or another is likely to appear on both
- JEL: H Categories: Economic policy | Government | Political economy - Public Economics Public economics is the study of economic issues concerning the public sector (including government) and its interface with the private sector (including households, businesses, and markets) in a mixed economy. It has been described as an amalgam of two older fields, (applied) public finance and welfare economics, each edging toward disrepute, to
- JEL: I - Health Health economics is a branch of economics concerned with issues related to scarcity in the allocation of health and health care. In broad terms, health economists study the functioning of the health care system and the private and social causes of health-affecting behaviors such as smoking, Education Education economics or the economics of education is the study of economic issues relating to education, including the demand for education and the financing and provision of education, and Welfare Welfare or welfare work consists of actions or procedures — especially on the part of governments and institutions — striving to promote the basic well-being of individuals in need. These efforts usually strive to improve the financial situation of people in need but may also strive to improve their employment chances and many other aspects of
- JEL: J - Labor Labour economics seeks to understand the functioning and dynamics of the market for labour. Labour markets function through the interaction of workers and employers. Labour economics looks at the suppliers of labour services , the demanders of labour services (employers), and attempts to understand the resulting pattern of wages, employment, and and Demographic Economics Demographic economics or population economics is the application of economics to demography, the study of human populations, including size, growth, density, distribution, and vital statistics. Analysis includes economic determinants and consequences of marriage and fertility, the family, divorce, morbidity and mortality, dependency ratios,
- JEL: K Law and economics is a school of legal thought that focuses on ensuring that legal processes produce the most efficient allocation of resources, rather than giving the enforcement of rights the highest priority. Individuals included under this category are noted for their theories or application of a law and economics perspective - Law and Economics Law and economics is an approach to legal theory that applies methods of economics to law. It includes the use of economic concepts to explain the effects of laws, to assess which legal rules are economically efficient, and to predict which legal rules will be promulgated
- JEL: L - Industrial Organization Industrial organization is a field of economics that studies the strategic behavior of firms, the structure of markets and their interactions. The study of industrial organization adds to the perfectly competitive model real-world frictions such as limited information, transaction cost, cost of adjusting prices, government actions, and barriers to
- JEL: M - Business Administration In business, administration consists of the performance or management of business operations and thus the making or implementing of major decisions. Administration can be defined as the universal process of organizing people and resources efficiently so as to direct activities toward common goals and objectives and Business Economics Business economics is that part of economic theory which focuses on business enterprises and inquires into the factors contributing to the diversity of organizational structures and to the relationships of firms with labour, capital and product markets; Marketing Marketing is the process by which companies create customer interest in products or services. It generates the strategy that underlies sales techniques, business communication, and business development. It is an integrated process through which companies build strong customer relationships and create value for their customers and for themselves; Accounting Accountancy is the art of communicating financial information about a business entity to users such as shareholders and managers. The communication is generally in the financial´s form statements that show in money terms the economic resources under the control of management; the art lies in selecting the information that is relevant to the user
- JEL: N Categories: Economics | Fields of history | History by topic - Economic History Economic history is the study of how economic phenomena evolved from a historical perspective. Analysis in economic history is undertaken using a combination of historical methods, statistical methods and by applying economic theory to historical situations. The topic includes business history, financial history and overlaps with areas of social
- JEL: O - Economic Development Economic development is the increase in the amount of people in a nation's population with sustained growth from a simple, low-income economy to a modern, high-income economy. Its scope includes the process and policies by which a nation improves the economic, political, and social well-being of its people, Technological Change When spoken about "modelling technological change" often the process of innovation is meant. This process of continuous improvement is often modelled as a curve depicting decreasing costs over time, and Growth Economic growth is a term used to indicate the increase of per capita gross domestic product or other measure of aggregate income. It is often measured as the rate of change in GDP. Economic growth refers only to the quantity of goods and services produced
- JEL: P An economic system is a particular set of social institutions which deals with the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services in a particular society - Economic Systems An economic system is the system of production, distribution and consumption of goods and services of an economy. Alternatively, it is the set of principles and techniques by which problems of economics are addressed, such as the economic problem of scarcity through allocation of finite productive resources. The economic system is composed of
- JEL: Q - Agricultural Agricultural economics originally applied the principles of economics to the production of crops and livestock — a discipline known as agronomics. Agronomics was a branch of economics that specifically dealt with land usage. It focused on maximizing the yield of crops while maintaining a good soil ecosystem. Throughout the 20th century the and Natural Resource Economics Natural resource economics deals with the supply, demand, and allocation of the Earth's natural resources. One main objective of natural resource economics is to better understand the role of natural resources in the economy in order to develop more sustainable methods of managing those resources to ensure their availability to future generations; Environmental Environmental economics is a subfield of economics concerned with environmental issues. Quoting from the National Bureau of Economic Research Environmental Economics program: and Ecological Economics Ecological economics is a transdisciplinary field of academic research that aims to address the interdependence and coevolution of human economies and natural ecosystems over time and space. It is distinguished from environmental economics, which is the mainstream economic analysis of the environment, by its treatment of the economy as a subsystem
- JEL: R - Urban Urban Economics is broadly the economic study of urban areas. As such, it involves using the tools of economics to analyze urban issues such as crime, education, public transit, housing, and local government finance. More narrowly, it is a branch of microeconomics that studies urban spatial structure and the location of households and firms. Much, Rural, and Regional Economics
- JEL: Y - Miscellaneous Categories
- JEL: Z Other special topics in economics includes cultural economics, economic sociology, and economic anthropology among others - Other Special Topics
General economics and teaching JEL: A Subcategories
JEL: A1 - General Economics
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- JEL: A10 - General
- JEL: A11 - Role of Economics; Role of Economists; Market for Economists
- JEL: A12 - Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines
- JEL: A13 Categories: Relation of economics to other disciplines | General economics | Personal life | Society - Relation of Economics to Social Values Socioeconomics or socio-economics or social economics is an umbrella term with different usages. 'Social economics' may refer broadly to the "use of economics in the study of society." More narrowly, contemporary practice considers behavioral interactions of individuals and groups through social capital and social "markets" and
- JEL: A14 - Sociology of Economics
- JEL: A19 - Other
JEL: A2 - Economics Education and Teaching of Economics
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- JEL: A20 - General
- JEL: A21 - Pre-college
- JEL: A22 - Undergraduate
- JEL: A23 - Graduate
- JEL: A29 - Other
JEL: A3 - Collective Works
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- JEL: A30 - General
- JEL: A31 - Collected Writings of Individuals
- JEL: A32 - Volumes
- JEL: A33 - Handbooks
- JEL: A39 - Other
History of economic thought, methodology, and heterodox approaches JEL: B Subcategories
Category:History of economic thought, methodology, and heterodox approaches
JEL: B0 - General
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- JEL: B00 - General
JEL: B1 - History of Economic Thought The history of economic thought deals with different thinkers and theories in the subject that became political economy and economics from the ancient world to the present day. It encompasses many disparate schools of economic thought. Greek writers such as the philosopher Aristotle examined ideas about the "art" of wealth acquisition through 1925
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- JEL: B10 - General
- JEL: B11 - Preclassical
- JEL: B12 - Classical Classical economics is widely regarded as the first modern school of economic thought. Its major developers include Adam Smith, Jean-Baptiste Say, David Ricardo, Thomas Malthus and John Stuart Mill
- JEL: B13 - Neoclassical through 1925 Neoclassical economics is a term variously used for approaches to economics focusing on the determination of prices, outputs, and income distributions in markets through supply and demand, often as mediated through a hypothesized maximization of income-constrained utility by individuals and of cost-constrained profits of firms employing available
- JEL: B14 - Socialist; Marxist Marxist philosophy or Marxist theory are terms that cover work in philosophy that is strongly influenced by Karl Marx's materialist approach to theory or that is written by Marxists. It may be broadly divided into Western Marxism, which drew out of various sources, and the official philosophy in the Soviet Union, which enforced a rigid reading of
- JEL: B15 - Historical The Historical school of economics was an approach to academic economics and to public administration that emerged in 19th century in Germany, and held sway there until well into the 20th century; Institutional Institutional economics, known by some as institutionalist political economy, focuses on understanding the role of the evolutionary process and the role of institutions in shaping economic behaviour. Its original focus lay in Thorstein Veblen's instinct-oriented dichotomy between technology on the one side and the "ceremonial" sphere of
- JEL: B16 - History of Economic Thought: Quantitative and Mathematical
- JEL: B19 - Other
JEL: B2 - History of Economic Thought since 1925
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- JEL: B20 - General
- JEL: B21 - Microeconomics
- JEL: B22 - Macroeconomics
- JEL: B23 - History of Economic Thought: Econometrics; Quantitative & Mathematical Studies
- JEL: B24 - Socialist; Marxist; Sraffian
- JEL: B25 - Historical; Institutional; Evolutionary; Austrian
- JEL: B29 - Other
JEL: B3 - History of Thought: Individuals
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- JEL: B30 - General
- JEL: B31 - Individuals
- JEL: B32 - Obituaries
JEL: B4 - Economic methodology
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- JEL: B40 - General
- JEL: B41 - Economic methodology
- JEL: B49 - Other
JEL: B5 - Current Heterodox Approaches
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- JEL: B50 - General
- JEL: B51 - Socialist; Marxian; Sraffian
- JEL: B52 - Institutional; Evolutionary
- JEL: B53 - Austrian
- JEL: B54 - Feminist Economics
- JEL: B59 - Other
Mathematical and quantitative methods JEL: C Subcategories
Category:Mathematical and quantitative methods (economics)
JEL: C0 - General
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- JEL: C00 - General
- JEL: C01 - Econometrics
- JEL: C02 - Mathematical Methods
JEL: C1 - Econometric and Statistical Methods: General
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- JEL: C10 - General
- JEL: C11 - Bayesian analysis
- JEL: C12 - Hypothesis testing
- JEL: C13 - Estimation
- JEL: C14 - Semiparametric and nonparametric methods
- JEL: C15 - Statistical Simulation methods
- JEL: C16 - Statistical distributions
- JEL: C16 - Specific Distributions
- JEL: C19 - Other
JEL: C2 - Econometric methods: Single equation models;Single variables
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- JEL: C20 - General
- JEL: C21 - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial models; Treatment effect models
- JEL: C22 - Time-Series Models
- JEL: C23 - Panel data
- JEL: C34 - Truncated and censored models
- JEL: C25 - Discrete regression; Qualitative choice models
- JEL: C29 - Other
JEL: C3 - Econometric Methods: Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models
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- JEL: C30 - General
- JEL: C31 - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment effect models
- JEL: C32 - Time-Series Models
- JEL: C33 - Models with Panel data
- JEL: C34 - Truncated and censored models
- JEL: C35 - Discrete regression and Qualitative choice models
- JEL: C39 - Other
JEL: C4 - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics
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- JEL: C40 - General
- JEL: C41 - Duration analysis
- JEL: C42 - Survey methods
- JEL: C43 - Index numbers Aggregation
- JEL: C44 - Statistical decision theory; Operations research
- JEL: C45 - Neural Networks and Related Topics
- JEL: C46 - Specific Distributions
- JEL: C49 - Other
JEL: C5 - Econometric Modeling
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- JEL: C50 - General
- JEL: C51 - Model construction and estimation
- JEL: C52 - Model evaluation and testing
- JEL: C53 - Forecasting and Other Model Applications
- JEL: C59 - Other
JEL: C6 - Mathematical Methods and Programming
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- JEL: C60 - General
- JEL: C61 - Optimization techniques; Programming models; Dynamic analysis
- JEL: C62 - Existence and stability conditions of equilibrium
- JEL: C63 - Computational techniques
- JEL: C65 - Miscellaneous Mathematical Tools
- JEL: C67 - Input–output models
- JEL: C68 - Computable General Equilibrium models
- JEL: C69 - Other
JEL: C7 - Game theory and Bargaining theory
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- JEL: C70 - General
- JEL: C71 - Cooperative games
- JEL: C72 - Noncooperative games
- JEL: C73 - Stochastic and Dynamic games; Evolutionary games; Repeated Games
- JEL: C78 - Bargaining theory; Matching theory
- JEL: C79 - Other
JEL: C8 - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs
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- JEL: C80 - General
- JEL: C81 - Methodology for collecting, estimating, and organizing microeconomic data
- JEL: C82 - Methodology for collecting, estimating, and organizing macroeconomic data
- JEL: C87 - Econometric software
- JEL: C88 - Other Computer Software
- JEL: C89 - Other
JEL: C9 - Design of Experiments
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- JEL: C90 - General
- JEL: C91 - Laboratory, Individual Behavior
- JEL: C92 - Laboratory, Group Behavior
- JEL: C93 - Field experiments
- JEL: C99 - Other
Microeconomics JEL: D Subcategories
JEL: D0 - General
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- JEL: D00 - General
- JEL: D01 - Microeconomic Behavior: Underlying Principles
- JEL: D02 - Institutions: Design, Formation, and Operations
- JEL: D03 - Behavioral Economics; Underlying Principles
JEL: D1 - Household Behavior and Family Economics
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- JEL: D10 - General
- JEL: D11 - Consumer Economics: Theory
- JEL: D12 - Consumer economics: empirical analysis
- JEL: D13 - Household production and Intrahousehold allocation
- JEL: D14 - Personal finance
- - Consumer protection
- JEL: D19 - Other
JEL: D2 - Production and Organizations
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- JEL: D20 - General
- JEL: D21 - Firm behavior
- JEL: D23 - Organizational behavior; Transaction Costs; Property rights
- JEL: D24 - Production; Capital and Total factor productivity; Capacity
- JEL: D29 - Other
JEL: D4 - Market structure and pricing
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- JEL: D40 - General
- JEL: D41 - Perfect competition
- JEL: D42 - Monopoly
- JEL: D43 - Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection
- JEL: D44 - Auctions
- JEL: D45 - Rationing; Licensing
- JEL: D46 - Value Theory
- JEL: D49 - Other
JEL: D5 - General equilibrium and Disequilibrium
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- JEL: D50 - General
- JEL: D51 - Exchange and Production Economies
- JEL: D52 - Incomplete Markets
- JEL: D57 - Input–Output Tables and Analysis
- JEL: D58 - Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models
- JEL: D59 - Other
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- JEL: D60 - General
- JEL: D61 - Allocative efficiency; Cost-benefit analysis
- JEL: D62 - Externalities
- JEL: D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
- JEL: D64 - Altruism
- JEL: D69 - Other
JEL: D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making
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- JEL: D70 - General
- JEL: D71 - Social choice; Clubs; Committees; Associations
- JEL: D72 - Economic Models of Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
- JEL: D73 - Bureaucracy; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations; Corruption
- JEL: D74 - Conflict; Conflict Resolution; Alliances
- JEL: D78 - Positive Analysis of Policy-Making and Implementation
- JEL: D79 - Other
JEL: D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty
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- JEL: D80 - General
- JEL: D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
- JEL: D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information
- JEL: D83 - Search; Learning; Information and Knowledge
- JEL: D84 - Expectations; Speculation
- JEL: D85 - Network Formation and Analysis: Theory
- JEL: D86 - Economics of Contract: Theory
- JEL: D87 - Neuroeconomics
- JEL: D89 - Other
JEL: D9 - Intertemporal choice and Growth
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- JEL: D90 - General
- JEL: D91 - Intertemporal Consumer Choice; Life cycle models and Saving
- JEL: D92 - Intertemporal Firm Choice and Growth, Investment, or Financing
- JEL: D99 - Other
Macroeconomics and monetary economics JEL: E Subcategories
JEL: E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics
Category:Macroeconomics and monetary economics
JEL: E0 - General
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- JEL: E00 - General
- JEL: E01 - Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth
- JEL: E02 - Institutions and the Macroeconomy
JEL: E1 - General Aggregative Models
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- JEL: E10 - General
- JEL: E11 - Marxian; Sraffian; Institutional; Evolutionary
- JEL: E12 - Keynes; Keynesian; Post-Keynesian
- JEL: E13 - Neoclassical
- JEL: E17 - Forecasting and Simulation
- JEL: E19 - Other
JEL: E2 - Macroeconomics: Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment
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- JEL: E20 - General
- JEL: E21 - Consumption; Saving; Wealth
- JEL: E22 - Capital; Investment (including Inventories); Capacity
- JEL: E23 - Production
- JEL: E24 - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital
- JEL: E25 - Aggregate Factor Income Distribution
- JEL: E26 - Informal economy; Underground Economy
- JEL: E27 - Forecasting and Simulation
- JEL: E29 - Other
JEL: E3 - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles
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- JEL: E30 - General
- JEL: E31 - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
- JEL: E32 - Business Fluctuations; Cycles
- JEL: E37 - Forecasting and Simulation
- JEL: E39 - Other
JEL: E4 - Money and Interest Rates
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- JEL: E40 - General
- JEL: E41 - Demand for Money
- JEL: E42 - Monetary Systems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System; Payment Systems
- JEL: E43 - Determination of Interest Rates; Term Structure of Interest Rates
- JEL: E44 - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
- JEL: E47 - Forecasting and Simulation
- JEL: E49 - Other
JEL: E5 - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit
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- JEL: E50 - General
- JEL: E51 - Money Supply; Credit; Money multipliers
- JEL: E52 - Monetary Policy
- JEL: E58 - Central Banks and Their Policies
- JEL: E59 - Other
JEL: E6 - Macroeconomic Policy Formation, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, Macroeconomic Policy, and General Outlook
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- JEL: E60 - General
- JEL: E61 - Policy Objectives; Policy Designs and Consistency; Policy Coordination
- JEL: E62 - Fiscal Policy; Public Expenditures, Investment, and Finance; Taxation
- JEL: E63 - Comparative or Joint Analysis of Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Stabilization
- JEL: E64 - Incomes policy; Price policy
- JEL: E65 - Studies of Particular Policy Episodes
- JEL: E66 - General Outlook and Conditions
- JEL: E69 - Other
International economics JEL: F Subcategories
JEL: F - International Economics
Category:International economics
JEL: F0 - General
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- JEL: F00 - General
- JEL: F01 - Global Outlook
- JEL: F02 - International Economic Order; Noneconomic International Organizations •Economic Integration and Globalization: General
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- JEL: F10 - General
- JEL: F11 - Neoclassical Models of Trade
- JEL: F12 - Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies
- JEL: F13 - Commercial Policy; Protection; Promotion; Trade Negotiations; International Organizations
- JEL: F14 - Country and Industry Studies of Trade
- JEL: F15 - Economic Integration
- JEL: F16 - Trade and Labor Market Interactions
- JEL: F17 - Trade Forecasting and Simulation
- JEL: F18 - Trade and Environment
- JEL: F19 - Other
JEL: F2 - International Factor Movements and International Business
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- JEL: F20 - General
- JEL: F21 - International Investment; Long-Term Capital Movements
- JEL: F22 - International Migration
- JEL: F23 - Multinational Firms; International Business
- JEL: F24 - Remittances
- JEL: F29 - Other
JEL: F3 - International Finance
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- JEL: F30 - General
- JEL: F31 - Foreign Exchange
- JEL: F32 - Current Account Adjustment; Short-Term Capital Movements
- JEL: F33 - International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions
- JEL: F34 - International Lending and Debt Problems
- JEL: F35 - Foreign aid
- JEL: F36 - Financial Aspects of Economic Integration
- JEL: F37 - International Finance Forecasting and Simulation
- JEL: F39 - Other
JEL: F4 - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance
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- JEL: F40 - General
- JEL: F41 - Open economy macroeconomics
- JEL: F42 - International Policy Coordination and Transmission
- JEL: F43 - Economic Growth of Open Economies
- JEL: F47 - Forecasting and Simulation
- JEL: F49 - Other
JEL: F5 - International Relations and International Political Economy
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- JEL: F50 - General
- JEL: F51 - International Conflicts; Negotiations; Sanctions
- JEL: F52 - National Security; Economic Nationalism
- JEL: F53 - International Agreements and Observance; International Organizations
- JEL: F54 - Colonialism; Imperialism; Postcolonialism
- JEL: F55 - International Institutional Arrangements
- JEL: F59 - International Relations and International Political Economy: Other
Financial economics JEL: G Subcategories
JEL: G - Financial Economics
JEL: G0 - General
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- JEL: G00 - General
- JEL: G01 - Financial Crises
JEL: G1 - General Financial Markets
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- JEL: G10 - General
- JEL: G11 - Portfolio choice; Investment decisions
- JEL: G12 - Asset pricing; Trading volume; Bond interest rates
- JEL: G13 - Contingent pricing; Futures Pricing
- JEL: G14 - Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies
- JEL: G15 - International financial markets
- JEL: G17 - Financial Forecasting
- JEL: G18 - Government Policy and Regulation
- JEL: G19 - Other
JEL: G2 - Financial institutions and Services
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- JEL: G20 - General
- JEL: G21 - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
- JEL: G22 - Insurance; Insurance companies
- JEL: G23 - Pension funds; Other Private Financial Institutions
- JEL: G24 - Investment banking; Venture capital; Brokerage; Ratings and Ratings Agencies
- JEL: G28 - Government Policy and Regulation
- JEL: G29 - Other
JEL: G3 - Corporate finance and Governance
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- JEL: G30 - General
- JEL: G31 - Capital budgeting; Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies
- JEL: G32 - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure
- JEL: G33 - Bankruptcy; Liquidation
- JEL: G34 - Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Corporate governance
- JEL: G35 - Payout Policy
- JEL: G38 - Government Policy and Regulation
- JEL: G39 - Other
Public economics JEL: H Subcategories
JEL: H - Public Economics
JEL: H0 - General
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- JEL: H00 - General
JEL: H1 - Structure and Scope of Government
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- JEL: H10 - General
- JEL: H11 - Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government
- JEL: H19 - Other
JEL: H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
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- JEL: H20 - General
- JEL: H21 - Efficiency; Optimal taxation
- JEL: H22 - Incidence
- JEL: H23 - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental taxes and Subsidies
- JEL: H24 - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
- JEL: H25 - Business Taxes and Subsidies
- JEL: H26 - Tax Evasion
- JEL: H27 - Other Sources of Revenue
- JEL: H29 - Other
JEL: H3 - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents
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- JEL: H30 - General
- JEL: H31 - Household
- JEL: H32 - Firm
- JEL: H39 - Other
JEL: H4 - Publicly provided goods
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- JEL: H40 - General
- JEL: H41 - Public goods
- JEL: H42 - Publicly Provided Private Goods
- JEL: H43 - Project evaluation; Social discount rate
- JEL: H49 - Other
JEL: H5 - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies
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- JEL: H50 - General
- JEL: H51 - Government Expenditures and Health
- JEL: H52 - Government Expenditures and Education
- JEL: H53 - Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs
- JEL: H54 - Infrastructures; Other Public Investment and Capital Stock
- JEL: H55 - Social security and Public Pensions
- JEL: H56 - National Security and War
- JEL: H57 - Procurement
- JEL: H59 - Other
JEL: H6 - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt
JEL: H7 - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations
-
- JEL: H70 - General
- JEL: H71 - State and Local Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
- JEL: H72 - State and Local Budget and Expenditures
- JEL: H73 - Interjurisdictional Differentials and Their Effects
- JEL: H74 - State and Local Borrowing
- JEL: H77 - Intergovernmental Relations; Federalism
- JEL: H79 - Other
JEL: H8 - Miscellaneous Issues
-
- JEL: H80 - General
- JEL: H81 - Governmental Loans, Loan Guarantees, Credits, and Grants
- JEL: H82 - Governmental Property
- JEL: H83 - Public administration
- JEL: H87 - International Fiscal Issues; International Public Goods
- JEL: H89 - Other
Health, education, and welfare JEL: I Subcategories
JEL: I - Health, Education, and Welfare
Category:Health, education, and welfare economics
JEL: I0 - General
-
- JEL: I00 - General
-
- JEL: I10 - General
- JEL: I11 - Analysis of Health Care Markets
- JEL: I12 - Health Production: Nutrition, Mortality, Morbidity, Substance abuse and Addiction, Disability, and Economic Behavior
- JEL: I18 - Government Policy; Regulation; Public health
- JEL: I19 - Other
-
- JEL: I20 - General
- JEL: I21 - Analysis of Education
- JEL: I22 - Educational finance
- JEL: I23 - Higher Education Research Institutions
- JEL: I28 - Government Policy
- JEL: I29 - Other
JEL: I3 - Welfare and Poverty
-
- JEL: I30 - General
- JEL: I31 - General Welfare; Basic needs; Living standards; Quality of life; Happiness
- JEL: I32 - Poverty measurement|Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
- JEL: I38 - Government Policy; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
- JEL: I39 - Other
Labor and demographic economics JEL: J Subcategories
JEL: J - Labor and Demographic Economics
Category:Labor and demographic economics
Category:Demographic economics
JEL: J0 - General
-
- JEL: J00 - General
JEL: J1 - Demographic Economics
-
- JEL: J10 - General
- JEL: J11 - Demographic Trends and Forecasts
- JEL: J12 - Marriage; Marital Dissolution; Family Structure
- JEL: J13 - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
- JEL: J14 - Economics of the Elderly; Economics of the Handicapped
- JEL: J15 - Economics of Minorities and Races; Non-labor Discrimination
- JEL: J16 - Economics of gender; Non-labor Discrimination
- JEL: J17 - Value of life; Foregone Income
- JEL: J18 - Public Policy
- JEL: J19 - Other
JEL: J2 - Time Allocation, Work Behavior, and Employment Determination and Creation; Human capital
-
- JEL: J20 - General
- JEL: J21 - Labor force and Employment, Size, and Structure
- JEL: J22 - Time allocation and Labor supply
- JEL: J23 - Employment Determination; Job creation; Demand for labor; Self-employment
- JEL: J24 - Human capital; Skills; Occupational choice; Labor productivity
- JEL: J26 - Retirement; Retirement policies
- JEL: J28 - Safety; Accidents; Industrial Health; Job Satisfaction; Related Public Policy
- JEL: J29 - Other
JEL: J3 - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs
JEL: J4 - Particular Labor Markets
-
- JEL: J40 - General
- JEL: J41 - Contracts: Specific Human Capital, Matching models, Efficiency wage Models, and Internal labor markets
- JEL: J42 - Monopsony; Segmented Labor Markets
- JEL: J43 - Agricultural Labor Markets
- JEL: J44 - Professional Labor Markets and Occupations
- JEL: J45 - Public Sector Labor Markets
- JEL: J48 - Public Policy
- JEL: J49 - Other
JEL: J5 - Labor–Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining
-
- JEL: J50 - General
- JEL: J51 - Trade unions: Objectives, Structure, and Effects
- JEL: J52 - Dispute Resolution: Strikes, Arbitration, and Mediation; Collective bargaining
- JEL: J53 - Labor–management relations; Industrial Jurisprudence
- JEL: J54 - Producer cooperatives; Labor managed firms
- JEL: J58 - Public Policy
- JEL: J59 - Other
JEL: J6 - Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies
-
- JEL: J60 - General
- JEL: J61 - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers
- JEL: J62 - Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational mobility
- JEL: J63 - Turnover; Vacancies; Layoffs
- JEL: J64 - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search
- JEL: J65 - Unemployment insurance; Severance pay; Plant closings
- JEL: J68 - Public Policy
- JEL: J69 - Other
JEL: J7 - Labor Discrimination
-
- JEL: J70 - General
- JEL: J71 - Discrimination
- JEL: J78 - Public Policy
- JEL: J79 - Other
JEL: J8 - Labor Standards: National and International
-
- JEL: J80 - General
- JEL: J81 - Working conditions
- JEL: J82 - Labor Force Composition
- JEL: J83 - Workers' Rights
- JEL: J88 - Public Policy
- JEL: J89 - Other
Law and economics JEL: K Subcategories
JEL: K - Law and Economics
JEL: K0 - General
-
- JEL: K00 - General
JEL: K1 - Basic Areas of Law
-
- JEL: K10 - General
- JEL: K11 - Property Law
- JEL: K12 - Contract Law
- JEL: K13 - Tort Law and Product Liability
- JEL: K14 - Criminal Law
- JEL: K19 - Other
JEL: K2 - Regulation and Business Law
-
- JEL: K20 - General
- JEL: K21 - Antitrust Law
- JEL: K22 - Corporation and Securities Law
- JEL: K23 - Regulated Industries and Administrative Law
- JEL: K29 - Other
JEL: K3 - Other Substantive Areas of Law
-
- JEL: K30 - General
- JEL: K31 - Labor Law
- JEL: K32 - Environmental, Health, and Safety Law
- JEL: K33 - International Law
- JEL: K34 - Tax Law
- JEL: K35 - Personal Bankruptcy Law
- JEL: K39 - Other
JEL: K4 - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior
-
- JEL: K40 - General
- JEL: K41 - Litigation Process
- JEL: K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
- JEL: K49 - Other
Industrial organization JEL: L Subcategories
Category:Industrial organization
JEL: L - Industrial Organization
JEL: L0 - General
-
- JEL: L00 - General
JEL: L1 - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance
-
- JEL: L10 - General
- JEL: L11 - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure; Size Distribution of Firms
- JEL: L12 - Monopoly; Monopolization Strategies
- JEL: L13 - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets
- JEL: L14 - Transactional Relationships; Contracts and Reputation; Networks
- JEL: L15 - Information and Product Quality; Standardization and Compatibility
- JEL: L16 - Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics; Macroeconomic Industrial Structure; Industrial Price Indices
- JEL: L19 - Other
JEL: L2 - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior
-
- JEL: L20 - General
- JEL: L21 - Business Objectives of the Firm
- JEL: L22 - Firm Organization and Market Structure: Markets vs. Hierarchies; Vertical integration; Conglomerates
- JEL: L23 - Organization of Production
- JEL: L24 - Contracting out; Joint ventures
- JEL: L25 - Firm Performance: Size, Age, Profit, and Sales
- JEL: L26 - Entrepreneurship
- JEL: L29 - Other
JEL: L3 - Non-profit organizations and Public enterprise
-
- JEL: L30 - General
- JEL: L31 - Nonprofit Institutions; NGOs
- JEL: L32 - Public enterprises
- JEL: L33 - Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises; Privatization; Contracting out
- JEL: L39 - Other
JEL: L4 - Antitrust Issues and Policies
-
- JEL: L40 - General
- JEL: L41 - Monopolization; Horizontal Anticompetitive Practices
- JEL: L42 - Vertical Restraints; Resale Price Maintenance; Quantity Discounts
- JEL: L43 - Legal Monopolies and Regulation or Deregulation
- JEL: L44 - Antitrust Policy and Public Enterprise, Nonprofit Institutions, and Professional Organizations
- JEL: L49 - Other
JEL: L5 - Regulation and Industrial policy
JEL: L6 - Industry Studies: Manufacturing
-
- JEL: L60 - General
- JEL: L61 - Metals and Metal Products; Cement; Glass; Ceramics
- JEL: L62 - Automobiles; Other Transportation Equipment
- JEL: L63 - Microelectronics; Computers; Communications Equipment
- JEL: L64 - Other Machinery; Business Equipment; Armaments
- JEL: L65 - Chemicals; Rubber; Drugs; Biotechnology
- JEL: L66 - Food; Beverages; Cosmetics; Tobacco
- JEL: L67 - Other Consumer Nondurables: Clothing, Textiles, Shoes, and Leather
- JEL: L68 - Appliances; Other Consumer Durables
- JEL: L69 - Other
JEL: L7 - Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction
-
- JEL: L70 - General
- JEL: L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
- JEL: L72 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Other Nonrenewable Resources
- JEL: L73 - Forest Products: Lumber and Paper
- JEL: L74 - Construction
- JEL: L78 - Government Policy
- JEL: L79 - Other
JEL: L8 - Industry Studies: Services
-
- JEL: L80 - General
- JEL: L81 - Retail and Wholesale Trade; Warehousing; e-Commerce
- JEL: L82 - Entertainment; Media (Performing Arts, Visual Arts, Broadcasting, Publishing, etc.)
- JEL: L83 - Sports; Gambling; Recreation; Tourism
- JEL: L84 - Personal, Professional, and Business Services
- JEL: L85 - Real Estate Services
- JEL: L86 - Information and Internet Services; Computer Software
- JEL: L87 - Postal and Delivery Services
- JEL: L88 - Government Policy
- JEL: L89 - Other
JEL: L9 - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities
-
- JEL: L90 - General
- JEL: L91 - Transportation: General
- JEL: L92 - Railroads and Other Surface Transportation: Autos, Buses, Trucks, and Water Carriers; Ports
- JEL: L93 - Air Transportation
- JEL: L94 - Electric Utilities
- JEL: L95 - Gas Utilities; Pipelines; Water Utilities
- JEL: L96 - Telecommunications
- JEL: L97 - Utilities: General
- JEL: L98 - Government Policy
- JEL: L99 - Other
Business administration and business economics; marketing; accounting JEL: M Subcategories
See also: Category:BusinessJEL: M - Business administration and business economics; marketing; accounting
JEL: M0 - General
-
- JEL: M00 - General
JEL: M1 - Business Administration
-
- JEL: M10 - General
- JEL: M11 - Production Management
- JEL: M12 - Personnel Management
- JEL: M13 - New firms and Startup companies
- JEL: M14 - Corporate culture; Social Responsibility
- JEL: M15 - IT Management
- JEL: M16 - International Business Administration
- JEL: M19 - Other
JEL: M2 - Business Economics
-
- JEL: M20 - General
- JEL: M21 - Business economics
- JEL: M29 - Other
JEL: M3 - Marketing and Advertising
-
- JEL: M30 - General
- JEL: M31 - Marketing
- JEL: M37 - Advertising
- JEL: M38 - Government Policy and Regulation
- JEL: M39 - Other
JEL: M4 - Accounting and Auditing
-
- JEL: M40 - General
- JEL: M41 - Accounting scholarship
- JEL: M42 - Auditing
- JEL: M48 - Government Policy and Regulation
- JEL: M49 - Other
-
- JEL: M50 - General
- JEL: M51 - Firm Employment Decisions; Promotions (hiring, firing, turnover, part-time, temporary workers, seniority issues)
- JEL: M52 - Compensation and Compensation Methods and Their Effects (stock options, fringe benefits, incentives, family support programs, seniority issues)
- JEL: M53 - Training
- JEL: M54 - Labor Management (team formation, worker empowerment, job design, tasks and authority, job satisfaction)
- JEL: M55 - Labor Contracting Devices: Outsourcing; Franchising; Other
- JEL: M59 - Other
Economic history JEL: N Subcategories
JEL: N - Economic History
JEL: N0 - General
-
- JEL: N00 - General
- JEL: N01 - Development of the Discipline: Historiographical; Sources and Methods
JEL: N1 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Growth and Fluctuations
-
- JEL: N10 - General, International, or Comparative
- JEL: N11 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
- JEL: N12 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–
- JEL: N13 - Europe: Pre-1913
- JEL: N14 - Europe: 1913–
- JEL: N15 - Asia including Middle East
- JEL: N16 - Latin America; Caribbean
- JEL: N17 - Africa; Oceania
JEL: N2 - Financial Markets and Institutions
-
- JEL: N20 - General, International, or Comparative
- JEL: N21 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
- JEL: N22 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–
- JEL: N23 - Europe: Pre-1913
- JEL: N24 - Europe: 1913–
- JEL: N25 - Asia including Middle East
- JEL: N26 - Latin America; Caribbean
- JEL: N27 - Africa; Oceania
JEL: N3 - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Income, and Wealth
-
- JEL: N30 - General, International, or Comparative
- JEL: N31 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
- JEL: N32 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–
- JEL: N33 - Europe: Pre-1913
- JEL: N34 - Europe: 1913–
- JEL: N35 - Asia including Middle East
- JEL: N36 - Latin America; Caribbean
- JEL: N37 - Africa; Oceania
JEL: N4 - Government, War, Law, and Regulation
-
- JEL: N40 - General, International, or Comparative
- JEL: N41 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
- JEL: N42 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–
- JEL: N43 - Europe: Pre-1913
- JEL: N44 - Europe: 1913–
- JEL: N45 - Asia including Middle East
- JEL: N46 - Latin America; Caribbean
- JEL: N47 - Africa; Oceania
JEL: N5 - Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries
-
- JEL: N50 - General, International, or Comparative
- JEL: N51 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
- JEL: N52 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–
- JEL: N53 - Europe: Pre-1913
- JEL: N54 - Europe: 1913–
- JEL: N55 - Asia including Middle East
- JEL: N56 - Latin America; Caribbean
- JEL: N57 - Africa; Oceania
JEL: N6 - Manufacturing and Construction
-
- JEL: N60 - General, International, or Comparative
- JEL: N61 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
- JEL: N62 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–
- JEL: N63 - Europe: Pre-1913
- JEL: N64 - Europe: 1913–
- JEL: N65 - Asia including Middle East
- JEL: N66 - Latin America; Caribbean
- JEL: N67 - Africa; Oceania
JEL: N7 - Transport, International and Domestic Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services
-
- JEL: N70 - General, International, or Comparative
- JEL: N71 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
- JEL: N72 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–
- JEL: N73 - Europe: Pre-1913
- JEL: N74 - Europe: 1913–
- JEL: N75 - Asia including Middle East
- JEL: N76 - Latin America; Caribbean
- JEL: N77 - Africa; Oceania
JEL: N8 - Micro-Business History
-
- JEL: N80 - General, International, or Comparative
- JEL: N81 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
- JEL: N82 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–
- JEL: N83 - Europe: Pre-1913
- JEL: N84 - Europe: 1913–
- JEL: N85 - Asia including Middle East
- JEL: N86 - Latin America; Caribbean
- JEL: N87 - Africa; Oceania
JEL: N9 - Regional and Urban History
-
- JEL: N90 - General, International, or Comparative
- JEL: N91 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
- JEL: N92 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–
- JEL: N93 - Europe: Pre-1913
- JEL: N94 - Europe: 1913–
- JEL: N95 - Asia including Middle East
- JEL: N96 - Latin America; Caribbean
- JEL: N97 - Africa; Oceania
Economic development, technological change, and growth JEL: O Subcategories
JEL: O - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth
Category:Economic development, technological change, and growth
JEL: O1 - Economic development
-
- JEL: O10 - General
- JEL: O11 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
- JEL: O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
- JEL: O13 - Agriculture; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Other Primary Products
- JEL: O14 - Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology
- JEL: O15 - Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration
- JEL: O16 - Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment
- JEL: O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements: Legal, Social, Economic, and Political
- JEL: O18 - Regional, Urban, and Rural Analyses
- JEL: O19 - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations
JEL: O2 - Development Planning and Policy
-
- JEL: O20 - General
- JEL: O21 - Planning Models; Planning Policy
- JEL: O22 - Project Analysis
- JEL: O23 - Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development
- JEL: O24 - Trade Policy; Factor Movement Policy; Foreign Exchange Policy
- JEL: O25 - Industrial policy
- JEL: O29 - Other
JEL: O3 - Technological Change; Research and Development
-
- JEL: O30 - General
- JEL: O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
- JEL: O32 - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D
- JEL: O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes
- JEL: O34 - Intellectual Property Rights: National and International Issues
- JEL: O38 - Government Policy
- JEL: O39 - Other
JEL: O4 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity
-
- JEL: O40 - General
- JEL: O41 - One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models
- JEL: O42 - Monetary Growth Models
- JEL: O47 - Measurement of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity
- JEL: O49 - Other
JEL: O5 - Economywide Country Studies
-
- JEL: O50 - General
- JEL: O51 - U.S.; Canada
- JEL: O52 - Europe
- JEL: O53 - Asia including Middle East
- JEL: O54 - Latin America; Caribbean
- JEL: O55 - Africa
- JEL: O56 - Oceania
- JEL: O57 - Comparative Studies of Countries
Economic systems JEL: P Subcategories
JEL: P - Economic Systems
JEL: P0 - General
-
- JEL: P00 - General
-
- JEL: P10 - General
- JEL: P11 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform
- JEL: P12 - Capitalist Enterprises
- JEL: P13 - Cooperative Enterprises
- JEL: P14 - Property Rights
- JEL: P16 - Political Economy
- JEL: P17 - Performance and Prospects
- JEL: P19 - Other
JEL: P2 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies
-
- JEL: P20 - General
- JEL: P21 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform
- JEL: P22 - Prices
- JEL: P23 - Factor and Product Markets; Industry Studies; Population
- JEL: P24 - National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation
- JEL: P25 - Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics; Housing; Transportation
- JEL: P26 - Political Economy; Property Rights
- JEL: P27 - Performance and Prospects
- JEL: P28 - Natural Resources; Energy; Environment
- JEL: P29 - Other
JEL: P3 - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions
-
- JEL: P30 - General
- JEL: P31 - Socialist Enterprises and Their Transitions
- JEL: P32 - Collectives; Communes; Agriculture
- JEL: P33 - International Trade, Finance, Investment, and Aid
- JEL: P34 - Financial Economics
- JEL: P35 - Public Economics
- JEL: P36 - Consumer Economics; Health, Education, Welfare, and Poverty
- JEL: P37 - Legal Institutions; Illegal Behavior
- JEL: P39 - Other
JEL: P4 - Other Economic Systems
-
- JEL: P40 - General
- JEL: P41 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform
- JEL: P42 - Productive Enterprises; Factor and Product Markets; Prices; Population
- JEL: P43 - Public Economics; Financial Economics
- JEL: P44 - National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation
- JEL: P45 - International Trade, Finance, Investment, and Aid
- JEL: P46 - Consumer Economics; Welfare and Poverty
- JEL: P47 - Performance and Prospects
- JEL: P48 - Political Economy; Legal Institutions; Property Rights
- JEL: P49 - Other
JEL: P5 - Comparative Economic Systems
-
- JEL: P50 - General
- JEL: P51 - Comparative Analysis of Economic Systems
- JEL: P52 - Comparative Studies of Particular Economies
- JEL: P59 - Other
Agricultural and natural resource economics; environmental and ecological economics JEL: Q Subcategories
JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics
Category:Agricultural and natural resource economics; environmental and ecological economics Category:Resource economics
JEL: Q0 - General
-
- JEL: Q00 - General
- JEL: Q01 - Sustainable development
-
- JEL: Q10 - General
- JEL: Q11 - Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis; Prices
- JEL: Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
- JEL: Q13 - Agricultural markets and Marketing; Cooperatives; Agribusiness
- JEL: Q14 - Agricultural finance
- JEL: Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure; Land reform; Land use; Irrigation
- JEL: Q16 - R&D; Agricultural technology; Agricultural Extension Services
- JEL: Q17 - Agriculture in International Trade
- JEL: Q18 - Agricultural policy; Food policy
- JEL: Q19 - Other
JEL: Q2 - Renewable Resources and Conservation
-
- JEL: Q20 - General
- JEL: Q21 - Demand and Supply
- JEL: Q22 - Fishery; Aquaculture
- JEL: Q23 - Forestry
- JEL: Q24 - Land
- JEL: Q25 - Water
- JEL: Q26 - Recreational Aspects of Natural Resources
- JEL: Q28 - Government Policy
- JEL: Q29 - Other
JEL: Q3 - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation
-
- JEL: Q30 - General
- JEL: Q31 - Demand and Supply
- JEL: Q32 - Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development
- JEL: Q34 - Natural Resources and Domestic and International Conflicts
- JEL: Q33 - Resource Booms
- JEL: Q38 - Government Policy
- JEL: Q39 - Other
-
- JEL: Q40 - General
- JEL: Q41 - Demand and Supply
- JEL: Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
- JEL: Q43 - Energy and the Macroeconomy
- JEL: Q47 - Energy Forecasting
- JEL: Q48 - Government Policy
- JEL: Q49 - Other
JEL: Q5 - Environmental economics
-
- JEL: Q50 - General
- JEL: Q51 - Valuation of Environmental Effects
- JEL: Q52 - Pollution Control Adoption Costs; Distributional Effects; Employment Effects
- JEL: Q53 - Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste; Recycling
- JEL: Q54 - Climate; Natural Disasters, Global Warming
- JEL: Q55 - Technological Innovation
- JEL: Q56 - Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental accounting
- JEL: Q57 - Ecological economics: Ecosystem Services; Biodiversity Conservation; Bioeconomics; Industrial Ecology
- JEL: Q58 - Government Policy
- JEL: Q59 - Other
Urban, rural, and regional economics JEL: R Subcategories
JEL: R - Urban, Rural, and Regional economics
Category:Urban, rural, and regional economics
JEL: R0 - General
-
- JEL: R00 - General
JEL: R1 - General Regional economics
-
- JEL: R10 - General
- JEL: R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, and Changes
- JEL: R12 - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity; Interregional Trade
- JEL: R13 - General Equilibrium and Welfare Economic Analysis of Regional Economies
- JEL: R14 - Land Use Patterns
- JEL: R15 - Econometric and Input–Output Models; Other Models
- JEL: R19 - Other
JEL: R2 - Household Analysis
-
- JEL: R20 - General
- JEL: R21 - Housing Demand
- JEL: R22 - Other Demand
- JEL: R23 - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population
- JEL: R29 - Other
JEL: R3 - Production Analysis and Firm Location
-
- JEL: R30 - General
- JEL: R31 - Housing Supply and Markets
- JEL: R32 - Other Production and Pricing Analysis
- JEL: R33 - Nonagricultural and Nonresidential Real Estate Markets
- JEL: R34 - Input Demand Analysis
- JEL: R38 - Government Policies; Regulatory Policies
- JEL: R39 - Other
JEL: R4 - Transportation Systems
-
- JEL: R40 - General
- JEL: R41 - Transportation: Demand; Supply; Congestion; Safety and Accidents
- JEL: R42 - Government and Private Investment Analysis
- JEL: R48 - Government Pricing; Regulatory Policies
- JEL: R49 - Other
JEL: R5 - Regional Government Analysis
-
- JEL: R50 - General
- JEL: R51 - Finance in Urban and Rural Economies
- JEL: R52 - Land Use and Other Regulations
- JEL: R53 - Public Facility Location Analysis; Public Investment and Capital Stock
- JEL: R58 - Regional Development Policy
- JEL: R59 - Other
Miscellaneous categories (economics) JEL: Y Subcategories
Category:Miscellaneous categories (economics)
JEL: Y1 - Data: Tables and Charts
-
- JEL: Y10 - Data: Tables and Charts
JEL: Y2 - Introductory Material
-
- JEL: Y20 - Introductory Material
JEL: Y3 - Book Reviews (unclassified)
-
- JEL: Y30 - Book Reviews (unclassified)
JEL: Y4 - Dissertations (unclassified)
-
- JEL: Y40 - Dissertations (unclassified)
JEL: Y5 - Further Reading (unclassified)
-
- JEL: Y50 - Further Reading (unclassified)
JEL: Y6 - Excerpts
-
- JEL: Y60 - Excerpts
JEL: Y8 - JEL: Related Disciplines
-
- JEL: Y80 - Related Disciplines
JEL: Y9 - Other
-
- JEL: Y90 - Other
Other special topics (economics) JEL: Z Subcategories
Category:Other special topics (economics)
JEL: Z - Other special topics
JEL: Z0 - General
-
- JEL: Z00 - General
JEL: Z1 - Cultural Economics; Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology
-
- JEL: Z10 - General
- JEL: Z11 - Economics of the Arts and Literature
- JEL: Z12 - Religion
- JEL: Z13 - Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology
- JEL: Z19 - Other
Notes
- ^ http://www.vanderbilt.edu/AEA/journals.htm
- ^ Sourced at http://www.aeaweb.org/journal/jel_class_system.php with classification guidelines at http://www.aeaweb.org/jel/guide/jel.php.
External links
- Full list of JEL classifications
- JEL Classification Codes Guide, which provides a more detailed explanation of the classification system
Categories: Economic classification systems | Economics journals
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pr-canada.net
Mon, 28 Jun 2010 20:22:30 GMT+00:00
PR-CANADA.net (press release) If you do not have an account, please use referral code 1020 and check the Film Festivals box under Interest. *** about the 2010 los angeles film festival ...
envirovaluation.org
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Wed, 08 Nov 2006 19:36:41 GM
jel classification codes. : q15; q21; q26. by soren t. anderson 1 and sarah e. west 2; 1. department of economics, university of michigan, usa; tel.: +1 651 696 6482; fax: +1 651 696 6746 2. macalester college, department of economics, ...
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